ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to study the changes in the market structure of China's pulp and paper product imports. In particular, the import trade environment and market layout of Chinese pulp and paper products have changed under the international context of the coronavirus pandemic and the Sino-US trade dispute and the domestic policy context of zero imports of Chinese waste paper. This study attempts to fill the gap regarding the influencing factors of market structure, while contributing new ideas on China's trade in pulp and paper products. Based on pulp and paper product import and export trade data from 2005 to 2021, a trade gravity model was used to explore the changes in the share of China's trade partners for pulp and paper product imports and their influencing factors. The results indicated that the outbreak of COVID-19 led to a significant increase in China's imports of packaging paper products, bringing about an increase in Indonesia's status as a partner in China's pulp and paper product trade. The US-China trade dispute had an impact on pulp and paper product trade between the two countries, with China's tax countermeasures causing the US to lose its status as a trading partner in China for pulp and paper product imports. The center of gravity for paper product imports has moved from the US and Japan to Indonesia and Russia. The restrictions on waste paper imports have shifted the focus of China's paper raw material imports, with the US no longer being the main importer of China's paper raw materials. Specifically, the main importers of wood pulp are Brazil and Chile, while the main importers of waste paper pulp are Thailand and Malaysia. In the future, China needs to continuously strengthen dialogue with the United States to resolve trade disputes and create a favorable environment for trade in pulp and paper products. At the same time, China's paper enterprises should strengthen the expansion of the Southeast Asian market and reduce dependence on the US market, and China should continue to improve the waste paper recycling system and improve the utilization rate of domestic waste paper.
ABSTRACT
In order to promote the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Regions”, and to control NO2 pollution in Xinjiang more effectively. Based on hyperspectral remote sensing technology, combined with ground monitoring technology, this paper studies the temporal and spatial changes of NO2 pollutants in valley-type oasis cities in Xinjiang. The research results show that: (1) The overall characteristics of NO2 concentration are as follows: "Twelfth Five-Year” period > "Eleventh Five-Year” period > "Thirteenth Five-Year” period;the largest decrease (−11.45%) during the "Eleventh Five-Year" period in autumn;During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the winter has the largest decrease (−9.74%). In the past 15 years, the center of NO2 pollution concentration in northern Xinjiang was near the Ganquanbao Industrial Park at the junction of the southeastern suburbs of Urumqi and the southwestern part of Changji Prefecture, and the concentration in the study area of southern Xinjiang was near Aksu City. The NO2 concentration in Xinjiang is influenced by both local sources and air mass transport. The potential source areas of northern Xinjiang are mainly distributed in the central part of Xinjiang, mainly through Wuchangshi and other areas. The potential source areas of the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are mainly distributed in the southern part of Xinjiang, mainly through the Korla and Aksu areas. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the control of man-made pollution sources has played a significant role in air pollution control. This study can provide data reference for the prevention and control of air pollution in Xinjiang. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
It is the cornerstone of precise and scientific prevention and control to understand the temporal evolution and spatial pattern of the COVID-19 epidemic. Based on the county-level COVID-19 case of the United States from January 22, 2020 to October 8, 2021, we explored and analyzed the epidemic by using time series analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis and gravity center trajectory analysis. The results show that: (1) the epidemic in the United States experienced four stages of low incidence, growth, peak and rebound with June 15, September 30 and October 1, 2020 as the cut-off points. (2) The global Moran index experienced a process of 'increase-decrease-increase-stability', with the maximum value exceeding 0.6, indicating that the epidemic has obvious spatial aggregation;the epidemic is dominated by high-high clusters (over 150 counties) and low-low clusters (over 500 counties), presenting a pattern of 'three cores and multiple islands' and 'north-south belt'. (3) In 60% of states, the trajectory of the epidemic center of gravity is near-linear type. The epidemic hotspots in these states were relatively stable over time. In more than half of the states, the curve of the moving distance of the epidemic center of gravity is exponential. These states experienced a very rapid epidemic. This study is expected to provide a reference for evaluating the effectiveness of epidemic prevention measures and determining targeted epidemic prevention measures, as well as accumulate experience for future research on the spread of different infectious diseases in different regions. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Renewable energy consumption is considered as the main form of energy consumption in the future. The carbon emissions produced by renewable energy can be approximately ignored, and renewable energy is essential for regional sustainable development. In this study, we used the Durbin model with panel data to explore the spatial dependence between renewable energy consumption the and carbon emissions of China’s 30 provinces from 1997 to 2017. The results show that: (1) there is a negative spatial correlation between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions, and “High-Low” areas are mainly concentrated in southern provinces in 1997–2011;(2) the center of gravity of renewable energy consumption moves southwest, which is consistent with the center of gravity of carbon emissions;(3) renewable energy consumption has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions of a local region, but the spatial spillover effect is not significant. Specifically, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption in a region will reduce carbon emissions by 0.05%. Finally, on the basis of this study, it was proposed to give full play to the advantages of renewable energy in the western region, and further accelerate the development of the renewable energy industry.
ABSTRACT
Cleanliness is the most important thing. Especially in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic that hit almost all parts of Indonesia. But in reality, the problem of garbage accumulation is always present from year to year, and until now it has not been resolved. Batam City Government also has concern for waste banks so that the government has facilitated waste banks so that inorganic waste can be reused and no buildup causes unwanted impacts from piles of garbage. Currently, the points of accumulation of inorganic waste are not balanced, there are locations where there are too many landfills and some are mediocre due to ineffective location placement. So it is necessary to determine the best location in determining the distribution location of the waste bank. To overcome this, the researchers tried to find a way to find the right location using the gravity method seen from the coordinates via Google Maps in an area based on the address of the waste bank and the number of piles of garbage. The results of the study stated that the center of the waste bank should be in the area around the coordinates of 1°02'70.4"N 103°96'15.0"E, Sekupang District. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, palm oil has been established as the most-produced oilseed oil in the world—its production volume has increased from 41 million tons in the 2007/08 season to more than 76 million tons in the 2018/19 season—and a crucial part of the Latin American agro-industrial sector. However, following a slowdown in export growth due to the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, there is a vital need for sustainable expansion alternatives such as the production of value-added oil-palm products. This chapter presents the business process integration methodology and strategies pursued by a palm oil producer in Peru to optimize the vertical growth of its operational processes within the Latin American palm oil agro-industrial sector, based on the SAP S/4Hana Business Modules: Materials Management (for purchasing), Production Planning (for making), Sales and Distribution (for selling), Controlling (for tracking) and Human Capital Management (for managing staff). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
A key strategy to winning the war against the COVID-19 pandemic involves acquiring sufficient vaccination coverage of the population to attain herd immunity. Such a task is highly daunting for many countries, especially for those whose significant portions of the population have limited access to vaccination services. One way to overcome this challenge is by implementing an outreach program, which involves setting up new outreach sites in remote and sparsely populated areas to improve the vaccination access for people residing there. This paper presents a novel approach to the planning of such outreach sites systematically and optimally. Our approach comprises a two-step Greenfield Analysis (GFA) procedure implemented using supply chain design software. The first step involves the design of the vaccination network to find the number and location of outreach sites that maximize the vaccination coverage for people residing within a threshold distance from the outreach sites. This is followed by the design of the vaccine supply network between the health centers and the outreach sites to determine the required vaccine doses that need to be kept at the vaccination sites. The required number of vaccinators and their ancillary supply kits can also be determined accordingly based on the supply network. We have tested our approach on a case study involving the COVID-19 vaccination scheme for Bali Province in Indonesia. We obtained the optimal number and locations of outreach sites for each regency in Bali and the whole province. © 2022 Operations and Supply Chain Management Forum. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected all countries and become a real challenge for humanity. Scientists are intensively studying the specifics of the disease caused by this virus and the impact of restrictive measures on the economy, environment and other aspects of life. We present an approach to spatial modeling and analysis of the COVID19 spreading process using the concept of the “center of gravity”. Based on weekly data on this disease in all European countries, the trajectories of the center of gravity of new cases and deaths during the pandemic have been calculated. These two trajectories reflect the dominant role of certain countries or regions of Europe during different stages of the pandemic. It is shown that the amplitude of the trajectory of the center of gravity in the longitudinal direction was quite high (about 1,500 km) in comparison with the amplitude of the trajectory in the latitudinal direction (500 km). Using an approximation of the weekly data, the delays between the peaks of new cases and mortality for different countries were calculated, as well as the delays in comparison with the countries that first reached the peaks of morbidity and mortality. The trajectories of the center of gravity are also calculated for the regions of Ukraine as an example of analysis at the national scale. These results provide an opportunity to understand the spatial specifics of the spread of COVID-19 on the European continent and the roles of separate countries in these complex processes. © 2022 Lviv Polytechnic National University.
ABSTRACT
Urban agglomerations are important carriers of the current world economic development and economic center of gravity shift, while urban construction land structure reflects and influences the functions and development directions of urban agglomerations and cities within them. It is significant to study the characteristics of urban construction land structure in urban agglomerations. Based on information entropy model and shift-share model, this study discusses and analyzes the evolution characteristics and spatial allocation differences of urban construction land structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and simulates the spatial allocation differences with the help of GIS technology. The empirical research results show that from, 2006 to 2017, the overall structure of urban construction land in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration changes alternately between “orderly” and “disorderly”, and finally the overall development was slightly disordered. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the competitiveness of different types of land in different cities. Among them, green land, public facilities land, and road traffic land show obvious replenishment effect, which are mainly distributed in Handan-Zhangjiakou northwestern Hebei, Tianjin-Cangzhou in the eastern coast, Baoding-Xingtai in central and southern Hebei, while industrial land and storage land, which are mainly distributed in Beijing-Tangshan-Langfang around the capital and Shijiazhuang-Handan-Hengshui in central and southern Hebei, show obvious crowding-out effect. In addition, the temporal changes and spatial allocation differences of urban construction land structure are influenced by many factors, such as economic development, industrial structure, population size, etc. Therefore, it is suggested that the coordinated development of urban agglomerations should adhere to the principle of “differentiated development before coordinated development, local coordinated development before overall coordinated development”.